Endnotes - Being Vegetarian
  1. Home
  2. eBooks
  3. Being Vegetarian
  4. Endnotes

Endnotes

  1. A common saying in the 19th century, attributed to the American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson among others.
  2. “If slaughterhouses had glass walls, everyone would be vegetarian” film, Presenter: Paul McCartney (PETA, 2010), https://www.peta.org/videos/glass-walls-2/#
  3. Marc Bekoff, The Emotional Lives of Animals (Novato, CA: New World Library, 2007).
  4. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 17 April, 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/ and the companion e-book, Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn, Sustainability Secret: Rethinking our Diet to Change the World (San Rafael, CA: Earth Aware Editions, 2015).
  5. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 21 April 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  6. T. Colin Campbell and Thomas Campbell, The China Study: Revised and Expanded Edition: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss, and Long-Term Health (Dallas, TX: BenBella Books Inc., 2016).
  7. See P. N. Appleby et al., “The Oxford Vegetarian Study: an Overview,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Sept 1999: pp. 525S–531S, accessed 29 May 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10479226 also “Update on the Oxford Vegetarian Study,” Scienza Vegetariana, accessed 31 May 2017, https://www.scienzavegetariana.it/medici/oxford_eng.html
  8. Bulent Atalay & Keith Wamsley, Leonardo’s Universe, The Renaissance World of Leonardo Da Vinci (Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2009), p. 96.
  9. “Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health,” World Health Organization, 2015, accessed 15 Dec 2015, http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/diet/en/
  10. “The Top 10 Causes of Death,” World Health Organization, 2016, accessed 15 Oct 2016, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index2.html
  11. “Vegetables and Fruits,” Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 2016, accessed 18 Oct 2016, https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/vegetables-and-fruits/
  12. T. Colin Campbell and Thomas Campbell, The China Study: Revised and Expanded Edition: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss, and Long-Term Health (Dallas, TX: BenBella Books Inc., 2016), p. 60.
  13. Jonathan Safran Foer, Eating Animals (New York: Little, Brown and Company), 2009.
  14. Caldwell B. Esselstyn, Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease: The Revolutionary, Scientifically Proven, Nutrition-Based Cure (New York: Penguin Group, 2007).
  15. Cowspiracy: The Sustainability Secret, film by Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn (A.U.M. Films, 2014), “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/ and Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn, Sustainability Secret: Rethinking Our Diet to Transform the World (San Rafael, CA: Earth Aware Edi-tions, 2015)
  16. What the Health, film by Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn (A.U.M. Films and Media, 2017), accessed 30 Aug 2017, http://www.whatthehealthfilm.com/
  17. Forks Over Knives, film dir. by Lee Fulkerson, 2011, accessed 18 Oct 2016, http://www.forksoverknives.com/the-film/
  18. David Collison, “Meat – to Eat or Not to Eat? Human Anatomy & Physiology Compared with Carnivores, Herbivores & Omnivores,” The Huntley Centre, 2009, accessed 21 Mar 2017, http://www.huntlycentre.com.au/updates/posts/view/82
  19. Geoffrey Rudd, Why Kill for Food? The Vegetarian Society, 1957. See also David Collison, “Meat – to Eat or Not to Eat? The Huntley Centre, 2009, accessed 21 Mar 2017, http://www.huntlycentre.com.au/updates/posts/view/82
  20. See Sherry Colb, “A Response to the Claim that Eating Animals is Natural,” Free from Harm, 25 July 2013, excerpted from Mind if I Order a Cheeseburger?: And Other Questions People Ask Vegans (Hernden, VA: Lantern Books, 2013), accessed 21 Mar 2017, http://freefromharm.org/common-justifications-for-eating-animals/its-natural/
  21. “Milk Products: Source of High-Quality Protein,” Dairy Nutrition, accessed 8 Dec 2016, https://www.dairynutrition.ca/nutrients-in-milk-products/protein/milk-products-source-of-high-quality-protein “Milk, Indian Buffalo, Fluid Nutrition Facts and Calories,” SELF Nutrition Data, accessed 9 Dec 2016, http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/dairy-and-egg-products/96/2 “Milk, goat, fluid Nutrition Facts and Calories,” SELF Nutrition Data, accessed 14 May 2017, http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/dairy-and-egg-products/94/2

  22. Maia Appleby, “How Healthy Is Almond Milk?” SFGate, accessed 8 Dec 2016, http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/healthy-almond-milk-3883.html
  23. Charlotte Pointing, "Which Vegan milk has the most protein?" Livekindly, 6 Jun 2019, accessed 31 Dec 2019, https://www.livekindly.co/which-vegan-milk-has-the-most-protein/ 
  24. Therien, Sharon. “Does Soy Milk Contain the Same Protein as Cow’s Milk?” Livestrong.com. 16 Nov 2015. Web. 8 Dec. 2016. http://www.livestrong.com/article/296000-how-many-calories-are-in-1-cup-of-soy-milk/
  25. “Ripple. Nutritious Milk Made From Peas,” Ripple, 2016, accessed 8 Dec 2016, http://ripplefoods.com
  26. Chloe Warren, "How much calcium you need per day - plus the top non-dairy sources," ABCLife, 6 Jun 2019, accessed 31 Dec 2019,  https://www.abc.net.au/life/how-much-calcium-per-day-non-dairy-sources/11182530 
  27. Figures for buffalo, cow and goat milk are extrapolated from data referenced in the endnotes above.
  28. “10 American Foods That are Banned in Other Countries (#10: Milk and Dairy Products Laced with rBGH”) Mercola, 10 July 2013, accessed 28 May 2017, http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/07/10/banned-foods.aspx
  29. M. Hovinen and S. Pyorala, “Invited Review: Udder Health in Dairy Cows in Automatic Milking,” Pub Med, Feb 2011, accessed 24 Mar 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257025 and Jean Duval, “Treatment of Mastitis without Antibiotics,” Ecological Agriculture Projects, July 1995, accessed 24 Mar 2017, http://eap.mcgill.ca/agrobio/ab370-11e.htm#ENVIRONMENTAL%20FACTORS
  30. “Cow’s Milk: A Cruel and Unhealthy Product,” PETA: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, accessed 12 Dec 2016, https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/animals-used-food-factsheets/cows-milk-cruel-unhealthy-product/ referencing Shannon Linderoth “Mastitis Resistance in the Genes” Dairy Herd Management Jan 17, 2011, http://www.dairyherd.com/dairy-herd/features/mastitis-resistance-in-the-genes-114044004.html
  31. Dean Nelson, “India’s cows producing ‘toxic’ milk,” The Telegraph, 31 Jan 2014, accessed 28 May 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10609139/Indias-cows-producing-toxic-milk.html
  32. “Dairy Farming in the UK,” World Animal Protection, accessed 28 May 2017, https://www.worldanimalprotection.org.uk/campaigns/animals-farming/dairy-farming-in-uk
  33. Reed Mangels, “Protein and the Vegan Diet,” from Simply Vegan, 5th ed., (Vegetarian Resource Group, 2012), accessed 16 July 2015, http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/protein.php
  34. Reed Mangels, “Pregnancy and the Vegan Diet,” and “Lactation and the Vegan Diet,” Simply Vegan, 5th ed., (Vegetarian Resource Group, 2012), accessed 16 July 2015, http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/veganpregnancy.php and http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/lactation.htm
  35. SELF Nutrition Data: Know What You Eat, 2 Jan 2014, accessed 28 May 2017, http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/custom/1663075/2?#
  36. “How Many Calories in Naan Bread?” Weight Loss Resources: Fad Free Tools for Healthy Weight Loss, accessed 25 Nov 2015, http://www.weightlossresources.co.uk/calories-in-food/bakery-products/naan-bread.htm
  37. Austin Barbisch, interview by Brenda Carey, “Meet Cover Guy Austin Barbisch: Mega Multi-Sport Athlete,” Vegan Health and Fitness Magazine, Aug 2014, and Austin Barbisch “Run Like the Wind 24-hour Run,” posted on Austin Barbisch and Solid PT, Jun 18 2014, accessed 29 May 2017, https://austinbarbisch.wordpress.com/2014/06/18/run-like-the-wind-24-hour-run/
  38. Jeff Novick, “The Myth of Complementing Proteins,” Health Science, 2003, posted on Jeffnovick.com 28 Mar 2012, accessed 23 Mar 2017, http://www.jeffnovick.com/RD/Articles/Entries/2012/3/28_The_Myth_Of_Complimenting_Proteins.html
  39. See Frances Moore Lappe, “Understanding Protein Complementarity,” Diet for a Small Planet: Twentieth Anniversary Editon, ill. By Marika Hahn, (1st ed. 1991) (New York: Ballantine Books, 2011), pp. 180–182 and 223–225.
  40. “Tips for Vegetarians,” United States Department of Agriculture, accessed 23 Mar 2017 https://www.choosemyplate.gov/tips-vegetarians
  41. Pino Caruso Il diluvio universal: acqua passata [ The Universal Flood: a Thing of the Past], (Palermo: Novecento, 1993), p. 179
  42. A 2016 estimate by data statistician Karl Krehbiel based, like most of this paragraph, on Wikipedia figures suggesting anything from 7%–14% worldwide. “What percentage of people in the world are vegetarian approximately?” Quora, posted March 30 2016, accessed 29 May 2017, https://www.quora.com/What-percentage-of-people-in-the-world-are-vegetarian-approximately
  43. “How many adults in the U.S are vegetarian and vegan? How many adults eat vegetarian and vegan meals when eating out? Resource Group asks in a 2016 National Poll Conducted by Harris Poll,” Vegetarian Resource Group, accessed 29 May 2017, http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/Polls/2016_adults_veg.htm
  44. Tom Jensen, Public Policy Polling, 26 Feb 2013, accessed 16 May 2017, http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_NationalFOOD_022613.pdf
  45. Wikipedia statistics in 2017 indicate a reported increase over the 2016 figures: “Vegetarianism by country” accessed 31 May 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country
  46. Jasmijn de Boo, “How Many Vegans? One of the Fastest Growing Lifestyle Movements” Huffington Post, 19 May 2016 updated 18 May 2017, accessed 25 May 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/jasmijn-de-boo/how-many-vegans_b_10002562.html and Sue Quinn, “Number of vegans in Britain rises by 360% in 10 years” The Telegraph 18 May 2016, accessed 25 May 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/food-and-drink/news/number-of-vegans-in-britain-rises-by-360-in-10-years/
  47. Jennifer Rooke, “Do Carnivores Need Vitamin B12 Supplements?” The Baltimore Post-Examiner, 30 Oct 2013, accessed 25 Dec 2016, http://baltimorepostexaminer.com/carnivores-need-vitamin-b12-supplements/2013/10/30#sthash.gRTwlCZu.dpbs
  48. Trevor Justice, “Dr. Michael Klaper Reveals the Truth about Vitamin B12,” The Vegetarian Health Institute, 18 June 2015, accessed 19 Dec 2016, http://www.veganrecipes.com/blog/vegan/dr-michael-klaper-reveals-the-truth-about-vitamin-b12/
  49. Nadia M. Bastide, Fabrice H. F. Pierre, and Denis E. Corpet, “Heme Iron from Meat and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and a Review of the Mechanics Involved,” American Association for Cancer Research, Feb 2011, accessed 10 Dec 2016, http://cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/4/2/177
  50. Jeffrey Kluger, “The War on Delicious,” Time, 9 Nov 2015: p. 30–36.
  51. Reed Mangels, “Iron in the Vegan Diet,” Simply Vegan, 5th ed., (Baltimore: Vegetarian Resource Group, 2012), accessed 27 Nov 2016, http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/iron.php
  52. Rathish Nair and Arun Maseeh, “Vitamin D: The ‘sunshine’ vitamin.” Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Vol.3, 2, 2012, pp. 118–126, accessed 9 June 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356951/
  53. David Wolpe, “What Meat Eaters Get Wrong About Vegetarians.” Time, 6 July 2015, accessed 13 Aug 2015, http://time.com/3947166/what-meat-eaters-get-wrong-about-vegetarians/
  54. See for example “9 Olympic Athletes Who Are Vegetarian” Bustle, 13 Aug 2016, accessed 29 May 2017, https://www.bustle.com/articles/178485-9-olympic-athletes-who-are-vegetarian
  55. Scott Jurek, Eat and Run: My Unlikely Journey to Marathon Greatness, with Steve Friedman, (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012)
  56. “What India’s Olympic Athletes Eat,” The Wall Street Journal, 24 Jul 2012, accessed 29 May 2017, https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/07/24/what-indias-olympic-athletes-eat/
  57. “India/Players/Anil Kumble.” ESPNcricinfo, accessed 29 May 2017, http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30176.html
  58. “David Meyer,” World Wide Dojo, accessed 25 Nov 2016, http://www.worldwidedojo.com/traditional-based/david-meyer/
  59. Martina Navratilova, Shape Your Self: My 6-Step Diet and Fitness Plan to Achieve the Best Shape of Your Life (New York: Rodale Books, 2006).
  60. Fiona Oakes, Interview “All Hail the Queen of Extreme Racing,” Vegan Health and Fitness Magazine, Aug 2014.
  61. Adam Tod Brown, “5 Horrifying Food Additives You’ve Probably Eaten Today,” Cracked, Mar 11, 2008, accessed 6 Aug 2015, http://www.cracked.com/article_15982_5-horrifying-food-additives-youve-probably-eaten-today.html
  62. “What is Gelatin Made Of?” PETA, accessed 4 Aug 2015, http://www.peta.org/about-peta/faq/what-is-gelatin-made-of/
  63. Jonathan Safran Foer, “Against Meat,” (excerpts adapted from Eating Animals, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009), New York Times 7 Oct 2009, accessed 19 Apr 2017, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/magazine/11foer-t.html
  64. Thich Nhat Hanh, The World We Have: A Buddhist Approach to Peace and Ecology, (Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 2008), Easy Read Edition, pp. 21–22.
  65. Natalie Angier, “The Enigma 1,800 Miles Below Us,” The New York Times, 28 May 2012, accessed 14 Sep 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/science/earths-core-the-enigma-1800-miles-below-us.html
  66. “Causes of Global Warming,” National Geographic, 13 Sep 2015, accessed 19 Apr 2017, http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-causes/
  67. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 19 Apr 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  68. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 19 Apr 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  69. Brian Palmer, “Devil in the Deep Blue Sea: How Many Dead Zones Are Out There?” Eco Watch, 1 Aug 2014, accessed19 Apr 2017, http://news.caloosahatchee.org/docs/EcoWatch_140814.pdf
  70. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 17 March 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  71. Gene Baur, Living the Farm Sanctuary Life: The Ultimate Guide to Eating Mindfully, Living Longer, and Feeling Better Every Day, with Gene Stone (New York: Rodale Inc, 2015), p. 81.
  72. “Pollution from Giant Livestock Farms Threatens Public Health,” originally published by National Resources Defense Council, 21 Feb 2013, republished by Institute for Agriculture & Trade Policy, accessed 19 Apr 2017, https://www.iatp.org/news/pollution-from-giant-livestock-farms-threatens-public-health
  73. “Pollution from Giant Livestock Farms Threatens Public Health,” originally published by National Resources Defense Council, 21 Feb 2013, republished by Institute for Agriculture & Trade Policy, accessed 19 Apr 2017, https://www.iatp.org/news/pollution-from-giant-livestock-farms-threatens-public-health
  74. As noted on the website for Cowspiracy, “The amount of water used to produce 1 lb. of beef varies greatly from 442–8,000 gallons,” http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/ so there is a wide variation in the numbers cited. Cowspiracy cites the study done at Michigan State University by Dr. George Borgstrom. See also John Robbins, “2500 Gallons All Wet?” Earth Save, accessed 11 May 2017, http://www.earthsave.org/environment/water.htm
  75. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, 2014, accessed 27 Nov 2016, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  76. Gene Baur, Living the Farm Sanctuary Life: The Ultimate Guide to Eating Mindfully, Living Longer, and Feeling Better Every Day, with Gene Stone (New York: Rodale Inc, 2015), p. 81.
  77. Rick Rasby, “Producer Question from 2016: How Much Water Do Cows Drink Per Day?” University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 19 July 2016, accessed 19 Apr 2017, http://beef.unl.edu/amountwatercowsdrink
  78. P. W. Gerbens-Leenes, M. M. Mekonnen and A. Y. Hoekstra, “The Water Footprint of Poultry, Pork and Beef: A Comparative Study in Different Countries and Production Systems,” Water Resources and Industry, 1–2 (Mar-June, 2013), p. 25–26, in Science Direct, accessed 3 Feb 2016, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371713000024
  79. Michael F. Jacobson, ed., Six Arguments for a Greener Diet: How a More Plant-Based Diet Could Save Your Health and the Environment (Washington, DC: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2006), p. 88.
  80. Richard Oppenlander, “Freshwater Abuse and Loss: Where Is It All Going?” Forks Over Knives, 20 May 2013, accessed 12 Dec 2016, https://www.forksoverknives.com/freshwater-abuse-and-loss-where-is-it-all-going/
  81. Katherine Boehrer, “This Is How Much Water It Takes to Make Your Favorite Foods,” Huffington Post, 13 Oct 2014, accessed 12 Dec 2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/13/food-water-footprint_n_5952862.html
  82. Gene Baur, Living the Farm Sanctuary Life: The Ultimate Guide to Eating Mindfully, Living Longer, and Feeling Better Every Day, with Gene Stone (New York: Rodale Inc, 2015), p. 81–82.
  83. “Chickens,” United Poultry Concerns, Machipongo, VA, accessed 14 Dec 2015, http://www.upc-online.org/chickens/chickensbro.html
  84. “Turkey Industry Overview,” United States Department of Agriculture, 29 July 2015, accessed 13 Dec 2015, http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Highlights/2013_Turkey_Industry/
  85. P. Gerber, C. Opio, and H. Steinfeld, “Poultry Production and the Environment – A Review,” Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, p. 2, accessed 12 Dec 2016, http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/home/events/bangkok2007/docs/part2/2_2.pdf
  86. P. Gerber, C. Opio, and H. Steinfeld, “Poultry Production and the Environment – A Review,” Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, p. 7, accessed 12 Dec 2016, http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/home/events/bangkok2007/docs/part2/2_2.pdf
  87. “2015 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics,” World Hunger Education Service, 25 Nov 2015, accessed 28 Dec 2015, http://www.worldhunger.org/2015-world-hunger-and-poverty-facts-and-statistics/
  88. Henning Steinfeld et al., Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006), p. xx-xxi, accessed 28 Dec 2015, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/climatechange/doc/FAO%20report%20executive%20summary.pdf
  89. Henning Steinfeld et al., Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006), xxi, accessed 28 Dec 2015, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/climatechange/doc/FAO%20report%20executive%20summary.pdf
  90. Beth Doane, “How Cows Kill Rainforest: The Flip-Side of an All-Beef Patty,” Elephant Journal, 25 Feb 2013, accessed 21 Apr 2017, https://www.elephantjournal.com/2013/02/how-cows-kill-rainforests-the-flip-side-of-an-all-beef-patty-beth-doane/
  91. “Deforestation,” Think Global Green, 7 Dec 2015, accessed 28 Dec 2015, http://www.thinkglobalgreen.org/deforestation.html
  92. “Deforestation and Its Extreme Effect on Global Warming,” Earth Talk, Scientific American, 2017, accessed 29 May 2017, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/deforestation-and-global-warming/
  93. Leslie Taylor, “Saving the Rainforest: A Complex Problem and a Simple Solution,” Columbus State University, 1996, accessed 7 Jan 2016, http://csc.columbusstate.edu/summers/Outreach/RainSticks/fRainforestFacts.htm and http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm
  94. Richard Hilderman, “The Effect of Deforestation on the Climate and Environment,” Mother Earth News, 27 Dec 2010, accessed 10 Jan 2016, http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/the-effect-of-deforestation-on-the-climate-and-environment.aspx
  95. Richard Hilderman, “The Effect of Deforestation on the Climate and Environment,” Mother Earth News, 27 Dec 2010, accessed 10 Jan 2016, http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/the-effect-of-deforestation-on-the-climate-and-environment.aspx
  96. Rhett Butler, “Soils and Nutrient Cycling in the Rainforest,” Mongabay, 31 July 2012, accessed 10 Jan 2016, http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0502.htm and http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0502a.htm
  97. Lesley Taylor, “The Driving Forces of Destruction,” Raintree, accessed 18 May, 2017, http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm#.WR5vvRMrJN0
  98. “Global Analysis – Annual 2015,” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Dec 2015, accessed 26 Nov 2016, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201513
  99. “2017 to be the hottest year: Sea-ice shrinks, WMO says world entered ‘uncharted territory” India Today, 29 Mar 2017, accessed 29 May 2017, http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/2017-hottest-year/1/915740.html and Chris Graham, “Doomsday Arctic seed vault ‘breached after permafrost melts’,” Daily Telegraph, 20 May 2017, accessed 29 May 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/20/doomsday-arctic-seed-vault-breached-permafrost-melts/
  100. Henning Steinfeld et al., “Livestock’s Role in Climate Change and Air Pollution,” in Livestock’s Long Shadow (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006), p. 80, accessed 22 Jan 2015, ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a0701e/a0701e03.pdf
  101. Marc Lallanilla, “Greehouse Gas Emissions: Causes and Sources,” LiveScience, 10 Feb 2015, accessed 17 Jan 2016, http://www.livescience.com/37821-greenhouse-gases.html
  102. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 21 April 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  103. Henning Steinfeld et al., Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006), p. xxi, accessed 28 Dec 2015, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/climatechange/doc/FAO%20report%20executive%20summary.pdf
  104. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 21 Apr 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  105. “The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 21 Apr 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  106. “Overview of Greenhouse Gases.” United States Environmental Protection Agency. accessed 6 Feb. 2016, http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html
  107. The Facts,” Cowspiracy, accessed 29 May 2017, http://www.cowspiracy.com/facts/
  108. Henning Steinfeld et. al., Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006), p. xxi, accessed 28 Dec 2015, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/climatechange/doc/FAO%20report%20executive%20summary.pdf
  109. Jason Mark, “Methane’s Contribution to Global Warming Is Worse than You Thought,” Alternet, Earth Island Journal, 21 Aug 2012, accessed 30 Jan 2016, http://www.alternet.org/environment/methanes-contribution-global-warming-worse-you-thought
  110. “Top 10 Reasons Why It’s Green to Go Veggie,” Down to Earth, accessed 2 Feb 2016, https://www.downtoearth.org/go-veggie/environment/top-10-reasons
  111. Boris Worm et al., “Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services,” Science 314 (3 Nov 2006), p. 787–90, accessed 4 Feb. 2016, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/314/5800/787
  112. Alok Jha, “Scientists Plumb the Depths to Ask How Many Fish in the Sea,” The Guardian, 2 Aug 2010, accessed 4 Feb 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/02/census-marine-life-sea
  113. Jonathan Safran Foer, Eating Animals (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009), pp. 33, 35.
  114. “Bottom Trawling,” Greenpeace, 24 Jan 2007, accessed 12 Feb 2016, http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/oceans/problems/bottom-trawling
  115. “Bottom Trawling,” Greenpeace, 24 Jan 2007, accessed 12 Feb 2016, http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/oceans/problems/bottom-trawling
  116. “Slaughter of Farmed Fish,” Fishcount.org.uk, 2014, accessed 24 Feb 2016, http://fishcount.org.uk/farmed-fish-welfare/farmed-fish-slaughter
  117. Jonathan Safran Foer, Eating Animals. (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009), p. 49.
  118. Overfishing – Revolution World Issues, film dir. by Rob Stewart (Revolutionary Films Inc., 2014). See also http://therevolutionmovie.com/index.php/open-your-eyes/overfishing/impacts/
  119. “Marine Mammal Deaths,” Farmed and Dangerous, Feb 2012, accessed 24 Feb 2016, http://www.farmedanddangerous.org/salmon-farming-problems/environmental-impacts/marine-mammal-deaths/
  120. Philip Lymbery, “In Too Deep – Why Fish Farming Needs Urgent Wefare Reform,” Compassion in World Farming Trust, 2012, accessed 21 Apr 2017, https://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/3818689/in-too-deep-summary.pdf
  121. “Cows Used for Dairy,” Farm Sanctuary, accessed 13 Apr 2016, http://www.farmsanctuary.org/learn/factory-farming/dairy/
  122. Ashley Capps, “10 Dairy Facts the Industry Doesn’t Want You to Know,” Free From Harm, 30 July 2014, accessed 12 Dec 2016, http://freefromharm.org
  123. Jim Mason and Peter Singer, The Ethics of What We Eat, (New York: Rodale, Inc., 2007), p. 24.
  124. “Chickens Used for Eggs,” Farm Sanctuary, accessed 28 Apr 2016, http://www.farmsanctuary.org/learn/factory-farming/chickens/
  125. Richard Christian, “What Does Cage Free Really Mean? The Life of a Cage-Free Chicken,” All Pet News, 1 July 2013, accessed 14 June 2016, http://allpetnews.com/what-does-cage-free-really-mean-the-life-of-a-cage-free-chicken
  126. L. Murray, “Factory Farmed Chickens: Their Difficult Lives and Deaths,” Encyclopedia Britannica: Advocacy for Animals, 14 May 2009, accessed 29 May 2016, http://advocacy.britannica.com/blog/advocacy/2007/05/the-difficult-lives-and-deaths-of-factory-farmed-chickens/
  127. L. Murray, “Factory Farmed Chickens: Their Difficult Lives and Deaths,” Encyclopedia Britannica: Advocacy for Animals, 14 May 2009, accessed 29 May 2016, http://advocacy.britannica.com/blog/advocacy/2007/05/the-difficult-lives-and-deaths-of-factory-farmed-chickens/
  128. “Slaughter Factfile,” RSPCA, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, accessed 28 Apr 2016, http://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/farm/slaughter/factfile
  129. “Cruel Poultry Slaughter,” Humane Society of the United States, 2016, 16 May 2016, http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/slaughter/facts/cak_slaughter.html
  130. “Cruel Poultry Slaughter,” Humane Society of the United States, accessed 16 May 2016, http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/slaughter/facts/cak_slaughter.html
  131. “Newton’s Third Law,” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 22 Oct 2015, accessed 8 Dec 2016, https://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov/education/rocket/newton3r.html
  132. Sharon Gannon, Yoga and Vegetarianism: The Diet of Enlightenment (San Rafael, CA: Mandala Publishing, 2008), p. 30.
  133. “Our Story,” Ripple, 2016, accessed 8 Dec. 2016, http://ripplefoods.com/our-story/
  134. “For the Love of Meat,” Impossible, 2016, accessed 21 Feb 2017, https://www.impossiblefoods.com/burger/
  135. “What is Aquafaba?” 1 Feb 2016, accessed 21 Feb 2017, http://aquafaba.com/index.html
  136. Kimberley Stakal, “Do You Know What Gelatin is Made of? (You May Want to Sit Down for This)” Organic Authority, 10 Apr 2011, accessed 5 Sept 2016, http://www.organicauthority.com/foodie-buzz/are-there-pig-hooves-in-my-jell-o-where-gelatin-really-comes-from.html
  137. Kahlil Gibran, The Prophet, (Ware, UK: Wordsworth Editions, 1997), p. 8.
  138. “How Long Should a Mother Breastfeed?” La Leche League International, 9 Jan 2016, accessed 25 Sep 2016, http://www.lalecheleague.org/faq/bflength.html
  139. The Dhammapada: the Buddha’s Path of Wisdom, Ch. 10 “Violence,” verses 130, 131, translated from the Pali by Acharya Buddharakkhita, with an introduction by Bhikkhu Bodhi. Access to Insight (Legacy Edition), 30 November 2013, accessed 30 Aug 2017, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.intro.budd.html